15 of the 25 go-kart venues Go Karting USA tracks in California host birthday parties, based on what each venue publishes and what visitors describe. They're spread across 3 metro areas, so most of the state is within a reasonable drive of one.
Party bookings work differently from walk-in racing: expect a reserved room or area, a set number of races per guest, and a deposit. Weekend afternoon slots go first, so start calling two to three weeks out — and confirm the height rule for the youngest guests before invitations go out, since it varies venue to venue.
Kartopia Race & Play, K1 Speed Chula Vista, K1 Speed Thousand Oaks and 12 more — all listed below with ratings and locations.
Los Angeles (4), San Diego (2), Sacramento (1).
Two to three weeks for a weekend slot, more around school holidays. Party rooms and group race slots are reservation-based at essentially every venue, and afternoon weekend times fill first.
Go Karting USA lists 25 operating tracks in California — see the full California guide for all of them, not only birthday parties venues.